The Novel Use of Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Remnant Adrenal Tissue in Nelson Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective Recurrent Cushing disease (CD) is a rare complication that occurs in patients who have undergone bilateral adrenalectomy (BLA). We report a case of recurrent CD in a patient with Nelson syndrome and adrenalectomy due to remnant adrenal tissue, and a novel treatment strategy using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the adrenal glands. Methods We report a case of recurrent CD in a woman with Nelson syndrome and adrenalectomy and describe her clinical course and management. We also include a literature review of CD management and adrenal radiation. Results The patient had persistent pituitary CD despite pituitary surgery and radiosurgery and underwent BLA. She developed recurrent CD due to a remnant adrenal gland post adrenalectomy. She then underwent SBRT to both adrenal beds to treat the remnant adrenal tissue. Her serum cortisol dropped rapidly after adrenal radiation and she experienced minimal side effects. She has been in remission for over 2 years. Conclusion This is the first reported case of recurrent CD in a patient post adrenalectomy that was successfully treated with SBRT to the remnant adrenal tissue.